An Appraisal of Healthcare Waste Management Practices and Their Impact on Public Health in Sokoto State
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Background of the Study
Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is a crucial component of public health and environmental safety. Inadequate disposal of medical waste, including sharps, pharmaceuticals, and infectious materials, poses significant risks to healthcare workers, waste handlers, and the general public (Bello & Umar, 2024). Improper waste management practices can lead to the spread of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, HIV, and respiratory illnesses.
Sokoto State, like many regions in Nigeria, faces challenges in healthcare waste disposal due to inadequate infrastructure, poor regulatory enforcement, and limited awareness among healthcare workers (Ali & Ibrahim, 2023). Many healthcare facilities lack proper waste segregation, storage, and treatment systems, leading to environmental contamination and increased health risks. This study aims to critically evaluate healthcare waste management practices in Sokoto State and their implications for public health.
Statement of the Problem
Despite existing guidelines for healthcare waste management, many facilities in Sokoto State struggle with improper disposal methods, including open burning and unregulated dumping (Usman & Garba, 2024). This contributes to environmental pollution, water contamination, and increased exposure to infectious materials. The absence of effective waste treatment facilities further exacerbates these issues.
Healthcare workers and waste handlers are particularly at risk due to a lack of protective equipment and training on safe waste disposal. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of current HCWM practices and identify gaps that need urgent intervention.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate healthcare waste management practices in healthcare facilities in Sokoto State.
- To assess the impact of improper waste disposal on public health.
- To recommend improved strategies for effective healthcare waste management.
Research Questions
- What are the current healthcare waste management practices in Sokoto State?
- How does improper healthcare waste disposal impact public health?
- What measures can improve healthcare waste management in Sokoto State?
Research Hypotheses
- Poor healthcare waste management practices contribute to the spread of infectious diseases.
- Lack of proper waste disposal infrastructure increases environmental contamination.
- Improved regulatory enforcement leads to better waste management outcomes.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study focuses on public and private healthcare facilities in Sokoto State, analyzing waste management systems and their impact on health. Limitations include data inconsistencies due to underreporting and restricted access to some healthcare institutions.
Definition of Terms
- Healthcare Waste Management (HCWM): The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste generated by healthcare facilities.
- Infectious Waste: Waste contaminated with pathogens that pose a risk of infection.
- Environmental Contamination: The introduction of harmful pollutants into the environment, affecting air, water, and soil quality.
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